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NEPC Documents Archive

Publications: Grade Retention

picture of teacher with a group of young students

NEPC Review: Think Again: Are Education Programs for High Achievers Inherently Inequitable? (Thomas B. Fordham Institute, October 2024)

NEPC Review

Margaret Thornton

February 4, 2025

NEPC Review: Understanding a Vicious Cycle: Do Out-of-School Suspensions Impact Student Test Scores? (University of Arkansas Department of Education Reform, March 2017)

NEPC Review

Brea L. Perry and Daniel J. Losen

June 1, 2017

Disproportionate Impact of K-12 School Suspension and Expulsion on Black Students in Southern States

Resource Document

Shaun Harper

May 26, 2016

Review of The Effects of Test-Based Retention on Student Outcomes Over Time

NEPC Review

Joseph Cimpian

December 3, 2015

The Lesson of the Cupcakes: Fix Schools by Resisting Gimmicks and Heeding Evidence

Policy Memo

Kevin G. Welner

April 25, 2012

NEPC Review: Getting Farther Ahead by Staying Behind: A Second-Year Evaluation of Florida's Policy to End Social Promotion (Manhattan Institute, September 2006)

NEPC Review

Derek C. Briggs

October 10, 2006

NEPC Review: Getting Ahead by Staying Behind: An Evaluation of Florida's Program to End Social Promotion (Manhattan Institute, February 2006)

NEPC Review

Edward W. Wiley

February 23, 2006

Reform Florida

Policy Brief

Alex Molnar, Douglas N. Harris, Lisa Abrams, Madhabi Chatterji, Mary Lee Smith, Sherman Dorn, Tim Hacsi, and Victoria-Maria MacDonald

January 1, 2004

On the Success of Failure: A Rejoinder to Alexander

Resource Document

Mary Lee Smith

January 1, 1998

What Doesn't Work: Explaining Policies of Retention in Early Grades

Resource Document

Mary Lee Smith and Lorrie Shepard

January 1, 1987